Mughal Emperors of India

2. Introduced gun powder in India.

3. Defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first Battle of Panipat (1527 AD).

4. Defeated Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at the Battle of Khanwa (1527 AD).

5. Defeated Medini Rai of Chanderi at the Battle of Chanderi (1528 AD).

6. Wrote  Tuzuk-i-Babri in Turkish.

2. Fought two battles with Sher Shah Suri – Battle of Chausa (1539 AD); Battle of Kannauj (1540 AD) and was defeated.

3. Died due to fall from his library building’s stairs in 1556 AD.

4. His half-sister Gulbadan Begum wrote Humayun-Nama.

2. Constructed Buland Darwaza.

3. Ralph Fitch was the first Englishman to visit Akbar’s Court in 1585.

4. Abolished Jaziyah (1564 AD); Believed in Sulh-i-kul (Peace to all).

5. Built Ibadat Khana (Hall of Prayer) at Fatehpur Sikri.

6. Issued “Degree of Infallibility ” in 1579.

7. Formulated religious order Din-i-Illahi (1582 AD)

8. Nine Gems of His Court (Navratnas):

A. Birbal (Mahesh Das)

B. Tansen (Tanna Mishra)

C. Faizi

D. Maharaja Man Singh

E. Fakir Aziao din

F. Mirza Aziz Koka

G. Todar Mal

H. Abdur Rahim Khan-i-khanaa

I. Abul Fazl

Note: There is ambiguity on whether Mullah-do-Pyaza was one of the nine gems of Akbar. Some sources states that it was fictional character and some says advisor of Akbar.

2. Established Zanjir-i-Adal at Agra Fort for the seeker of royal justice.

3. Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited in his court.

4. Abdul Hassan, Ustad Mansur and Bishandas were the famous painters of his court.

1. Two Frenchmen, Bernier and Tavernier and Italian adventurer Manucci visited his court
2. Built Moti Masjid and Taj Mahal at Agra, Jama Masjid and Red Fort at Delhi.
3. Annexed Ahmadnagar while Bijapur and Golconda accepted his lordship.

2. Important historical woks during his reign- Mutakhab-ul-Lubab by Khafi Khan; Alamgir Namah by Mirza Muhammad Kazim; Masir-i- Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi; Fatuhat-i- Alamgiri by Iswar Das.

3. Executed ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bhadur in 1675 AD.

4. Called as Darvesh or a Zinda Fakir

5. Forbade Sati pratha.

6. Built Biwi ka Makbara on the tomb of his queen Rabaud-Durani at Aurangabad; Moti Masjid in Red Fort at Delhi; Jami or Badshahi Mosque at Lahore.

2. Ascended himself on the throne in 1707 after killing his two brothers, and defeating Kam Baksh in the Battle of Jajau. He was the last Mughal who enjoyed all the authority in real term.

3. Granted the right to collect Sardesh Mukhi of Deccan but not Chauth to the Marathas.

2. Encouraged Ijara System (the revenue farming/ contract farming and abolished Jazia).

3. First Mughal ruler who killed by Sayyid brothers- Abdulllah Khan and Hussain Ali (were the Hindustani Party leaders) in captivity.

2. Assigned the duty of Deccan’s governor to Chin Quilch Khan who was better known ‘Nizam-ul-Mulk’, later who laid the foundation of independent state of Hyderabad

3. Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath visited in his court to take grant for collecting Chauth and Sardesh Mukhi on Maratha land.

2. Maratha under Baji Rao for the first in Mughal history raided in Delhi

3. Nadir Shah of Persia invaded with the help of Sadat Khan who defeated Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal

2. He was over throne by his wazir Imad-ul Malik and placed Alamgir II as ruler.

2. During his reign, the Battle of Plassey took place.

3. He was over throne by his wazir Imad-ul Malik and placed Shah Alam II as ruler.

2. During his reign, the third Battle of Panipat took place.

3. Till 1772, he gave all his Diwani rights of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa but after 1772 with the help of Mahaji Scindia, he gets back all his Diwani rights.

4. First Mughal ruler who becomes East India Company Pensioner.